@Article{info:doi/10.2196/ijmr.4910,
author="Bird, Marie-Louise
and Callisaya, Michele L
and Cannell, John
and Gibbons, Timothy
and Smith, Stuart T
and Ahuja, Kiran DK",
title="Accuracy, Validity, and Reliability of an Electronic Visual Analog Scale for Pain on a Touch Screen Tablet in Healthy Older Adults: A Clinical Trial",
journal="Interact J Med Res",
year="2016",
month="Jan",
day="14",
volume="5",
number="1",
pages="e3",
keywords="pain; VAS; technology; scale",
abstract="Background: New technology for clinical data collection is rapidly evolving and may be useful for both researchers and clinicians; however, this new technology has not been tested for accuracy, reliability, or validity. Objective: This study aims to test the accuracy of visual analog scale (VAS) for pain on a newly designed application on the iPad (iPadVAS) and measure the reliability and validity of iPadVAS compared to a paper copy (paperVAS). Methods: Accuracy was determined by physically measuring an iPad scale on screen and comparing it to the results from the program, with a researcher collecting 101 data points. A total of 22 healthy community dwelling older adults were then recruited to test reliability and validity. Each participant completed 8 VAS (4 using each tool) in a randomized order. Reliability was measured using interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and validity measured using Bland-Altman graphs and correlations. Results: Of the measurements for accuracy, 64 results were identical, 2 results were manually measured as being 1 mm higher than the program, and 35 as 1 mm lower. Reliability for the iPadVAS was excellent with individual ICC 0.90 (95{\%} CI 0.82-0.95) and averaged ICC 0.97 (95{\%} CI 0.95-1.0) observed. Linear regression demonstrated a strong relationship with a small negative bias towards the iPad (−2.6, SD 5.0) with limits of agreement from −12.4 to 7.1. Conclusions: The iPadVAS provides a convenient, user-friendly, and efficient way of collecting data from participants in measuring their current pain levels. It has potential use in documentation management and may encourage participatory healthcare. Trial Registration: Australia New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): 367297; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=367297{\&}isReview=true (Archived by Webcite at http://www.webcitation.org/6d9xYoUbD). ",
issn="1929-073X",
doi="10.2196/ijmr.4910",
url="http://www.i-jmr.org/2016/1/e3/",
url="https://doi.org/10.2196/ijmr.4910",
url="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26769149"
}