%0 Journal Article
%@ 1929-073X
%I JMIR Publications
%V 11
%N 1
%P e32234
%T Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic-2 Intervention in People With Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Phase 1, Open-Label Study
%A Chinna Meyyappan,Arthi
%A Forth,Evan
%A Milev,Roumen
%+ Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, 752 King St. West, Kingston, ON, K7L 4X3, Canada, 1 6135444900, 14acm@queensu.ca
%K gut-brain axis
%K microbiome
%K Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic
%K depression
%K anxiety
%D 2022
%7 21.1.2022
%9 Original Paper
%J Interact J Med Res
%G English
%X Background: Recent studies have investigated the potential of treatments that modify the gut microbiome, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, in individuals with psychiatric illnesses. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a novel gut microbiome therapeutic, Microbial Ecosystem Therapuetic-2 (MET-2), in people with depression and anxiety. Methods: In this phase 1, open-label trial, 12 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or both were recruited. Over 8 weeks, participants consumed three capsules per day, orally, of an encapsulated microbial therapeutic (MET-2), which contained 40 strains of bacteria that were purified and lab-grown from the stool of a single healthy donor. Participants were assessed biweekly using clinical scales and questionnaires in order to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the therapeutic. Results: The therapeutic was found to be generally safe and tolerable, with limited adverse events and side effects and no serious adverse events. Of the 12 individuals included in this study, 9 (75%) responded to treatment (50% improvement in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] scores, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD-7] scores, or both, from baseline to the week-8 visit). Over the course of 10 weeks, MET-2 significantly decreased mean MADRS and GAD-7 scores (MADRS: F2.731, 30.05=8.784, P<.001; GAD-7: F2.778, 30.55= 9.638, P<.001). Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustments showed a significant reduction in MADRS scores from baseline (mean 19.00, SD 4.843) to week 6 (mean 11.25, SD 8.001; P=.009), week 8 (mean 8.667, SD 8.732; P=.002), and week 10 (mean 8.250, SD 9.304; P=.006). Multiple comparisons showed a significant reduction in GAD-7 scores from baseline (mean 13.58, SD 4.010) to week 4 (mean 9.167, SD 5.096; P=.03), week 6 (mean 7.667, SD 4.539; P=.004), week 8 (mean 7.333, SD 6.583; P=.03), and week 10 (mean 7.500, SD 6.448; P=.03). Conclusions: The findings from this study are the first to provide evidence for the role of microbial ecosystem therapy in treating depression and anxiety. However, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is needed for more conclusive results. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04052451; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04052451 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/17223 
%M 35060914
%R 10.2196/32234
%U https://www.i-jmr.org/2022/1/e32234
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/32234
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35060914