%0 Journal Article
%@ 1929-073X
%I JMIR Publications
%V 14
%N 
%P e59562
%T Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ) for People Living With HIV in a National Hospital in Mexico: Instrument Validation Study
%A Del Moral Trinidad,Luis Eduardo
%A González Hernández,Luz Alicia
%A Andrade Villanueva,Jaime Federico
%A Martínez-Ayala,Pedro
%A Valle Rodríguez,Adriana
%A Ruíz Herrera,Vida Veronica
%A Vizcaíno Résendiz,José Adán
%A Herrera Godina,Melva Guadalupe
%A Dominguez-Lara,Sergio
%+ Research Institute, Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación, Turismo y Psicología, University of San Martín de Porres, Avenue Tomás Marsano 242 (5th floor), Lima, 15048, Peru, 51 5136300, sdominguezmpcs@gmail.com
%K treatment adherence
%K HIV
%K Mexico
%K validation
%K Spanish
%K Hispanic
%K cross sectional
%K surveys
%K questionnaires
%K scales
%K adherence
%K viral load
%K sexually transmitted infection
%K STI
%K drugs
%K pharmacotherapy
%K medication
%K simplified medication adherence questionnaire
%K SMAQ
%D 2025
%7 7.1.2025
%9 Original Paper
%J Interact J Med Res
%G English
%X Background: Adherence to antiretroviral therapy is a critical component in achieving viral suppression in people living with HIV in addition to increasing overall quality of life. Several indirect methods have been used to measure adherence including the Simplified Medication Adherence Questionnaire (SMAQ). Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the SMAQ in men living with HIV/AIDS attending a Mexican national hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional analytical design study was carried out in a Mexican National Hospital in Jalisco, including men aged >18 years with at least 3 months of antiretroviral treatment, excluding those with cognitive difficulties in answering the survey. A minimum sample size was calculated to detect the contribution of the variables within the model. The analysis included descriptive tests, confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity assessment, correlation between adherence and viral load, and association between viral load and adherence. Results: The final analysis included a total of 260 patients with a mean age of 43 (SD 12) years and an average of 8.97 (SD 6.33) years on antiretroviral treatment. The SMAQ showed sufficient structural validity (comparative fit index=1, root-mean-square error of approximation=0, 90% CI 0-0.085) with satisfactory factor loadings on most questions except item 2 (Do you always take your medication at the prescribed time?). The reliability of the scale is acceptable (Cronbach α=0.702, ω=0.718). Adherence correlated with viral load significantly but not with recent TCD4 lymphocyte levels. Patients classified as adherent were three times more likely to be undetectable than nonadherent patients (odds ratio 3.31, 95% CI 1.13-9.64, P=.04). Conclusions: The SMAQ represents an adequate tool to assess adherence in men living with HIV in the Mexican context, this will contribute to this study and compression of adherence to establish future intervention programs. 
%M 39773472
%R 10.2196/59562
%U https://www.i-jmr.org/2025/1/e59562
%U https://doi.org/10.2196/59562
%U http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39773472