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Historically, shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) has been the most used procedure for treating upper tract urolithiasis and stones smaller than 20 mm in diameter due to its noninvasive nature, lower cost, fewer side effects, and faster recovery [3,4].
In Ontario, Canada, SWL is a regionalized and limited resource. St. Michael’s Hospital in downtown Toronto is one of the only 3 centers in the province offering this service.
Interact J Med Res 2022;11(1):e33357
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Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL, or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy) has been considered as a safe and effective noninvasive treatment option for nephrolithiasis since its introduction in early 1980s [1]. Reported SWL stone-free rates approach 74%-88% [2,3]; however, it is not without risk. Common contraindications to SWL include pregnancy, coagulopathy or use of platelet aggregation inhibitors, aortic aneurysms, severe untreated hypertension, and untreated urinary tract infections [4].
JMIR Med Inform 2021;9(5):e24721
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