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Primary Tumors of the Brain and Central Nervous System in Adults and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Primary Tumors of the Brain and Central Nervous System in Adults and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: Protocol for a Scoping Review

Childhood brain/CNS tumors were more commonly reported in Africa, with 14.2% incidence rates (IRs) of new global brain/CNS tumor cases and 16.9% of deaths reported in 2022 for children aged 0-18 years old [11,12]. An additional source of underreporting of brain and CNS tumors in Africa is the scarcity of well-established tumor registries [9,10].

Alhasan Ahmed Badeea Al-Fikri, Mesk Alhammadi, Chiedozie Arum, Mahima Kaur, Kayla Del Biondo, Ibrahim Bani, Victor Mudenda, Sten H Vermund

JMIR Res Protoc 2025;14:e66978

Retrieval Augmented Therapy Suggestion for Molecular Tumor Boards: Algorithmic Development and Validation Study

Retrieval Augmented Therapy Suggestion for Molecular Tumor Boards: Algorithmic Development and Validation Study

Precision oncology is a rapidly evolving field in which patient treatment is determined by the DNA signature of the tumor. Advancements in genome-sequencing techniques, molecular analysis, and a growing body of clinical trials, have all allowed for the field to integrate more easily into oncology research [1]. Using these techniques to optimize treatment has been shown to be associated with favored clinical outcomes [1].

Eliza Berman, Holly Sundberg Malek, Michael Bitzer, Nisar Malek, Carsten Eickhoff

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e64364

Artificial Intelligence in Lymphoma Histopathology: Systematic Review

Artificial Intelligence in Lymphoma Histopathology: Systematic Review

Our review encompasses research that focuses on individual diagnostic factors, such as histological subtypes, as well as studies that perform computer-assisted tasks like tumor segmentation. We also assessed the clinical utility of these AI methods with consideration of potential biases. The objective of this review is to provide valuable insights and actionable recommendations based on the existing body of literature.

Yao Fu, Zongyao Huang, Xudong Deng, Linna Xu, Yang Liu, Mingxing Zhang, Jinyi Liu, Bin Huang

J Med Internet Res 2025;27:e62851

The Use of “Cancer Ratio” in Differentiating Malignant and Tuberculous Pleural Effusions: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study

The Use of “Cancer Ratio” in Differentiating Malignant and Tuberculous Pleural Effusions: Protocol for a Prospective Observational Study

Pleural fluid cytology has an overall sensitivity of 58.2% (range 20.5%-86%), with the yield depending on factors like the mechanism of effusion, type of primary tumor, number of specimens, and skill of the cytopathologist [12,13]. The diagnostic yield of closed pleural biopsy in MPE ranges from 39% to 75%, which is inferior to cytology since the blind procedure may sometimes yield insufficient or a nonrepresentative sample [8].

Sai Pooja Chalamalasetty, Preetam Acharya, Thomas Antony, Anand Ramakrishna, Himani Kotian

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e56592

Development and Validation of a Computed Tomography–Based Model for Noninvasive Prediction of the T Stage in Gastric Cancer: Multicenter Retrospective Study

Development and Validation of a Computed Tomography–Based Model for Noninvasive Prediction of the T Stage in Gastric Cancer: Multicenter Retrospective Study

Currently, GC staging is performed according to the Union for International Cancer Control and American Joint Committee on Cancer tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) staging system [3]. This system could be used to stratify cancer prognosis. As part of the TNM staging system, T staging based on the tumor depth of GC is crucial for developing treatment plans.

Jin Tao, Dan Liu, Fu-Bi Hu, Xiao Zhang, Hongkun Yin, Huiling Zhang, Kai Zhang, Zixing Huang, Kun Yang

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e56851

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma as a Dangerous, Easy to Miss, and Nearly Impossible to Clinically Diagnose Condition: Case Report

Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma as a Dangerous, Easy to Miss, and Nearly Impossible to Clinically Diagnose Condition: Case Report

Possible treatment options for epithelioid hemangioendothelioma based on retrospective studies of tumor involvement and case outcomes [9]. a R0: microscopic negative margins. b R1: gross negative margins. The heterogeneity of EHE is also demonstrated in its variable course; EHE can be unpredictable, at times being indolent and at other times very aggressive [7]. Given the uncertain course of the disease, joint decision-making between the patient and physician is necessary.

Kayd Pulsipher, Samantha Mills, Blair Harris, Rene Bermudez, Muammar Arida, Jonathan Crane

JMIR Dermatol 2024;7:e52493

Deep Learning–Based Identification of Tissue of Origin for Carcinomas of Unknown Primary Using MicroRNA Expression: Algorithm Development and Validation

Deep Learning–Based Identification of Tissue of Origin for Carcinomas of Unknown Primary Using MicroRNA Expression: Algorithm Development and Validation

Unfortunately, primary tumor identification poses various challenges. Techniques such as serum tumor markers and imaging tests are used to identify the TOO, although only 30% of these tests are successful. Moreover, some positive findings can be misleading [6] and CUP diagnostic workups are often time-consuming, expensive, and unsuccessful [7]. These difficulties have spurred interest in using genetic expression data, such as micro RNA, to identify the TOO.

Ananya Raghu, Anisha Raghu, Jillian F Wise

JMIR Bioinform Biotech 2024;5:e56538

Multivisceral Oncological Resections Involving the Pancreas: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Multivisceral Oncological Resections Involving the Pancreas: Protocol for a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

The evidence concerning the impact of multivisceral oncological pancreatic resections on morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival across varied tumor entities is characterized by heterogeneity [5,11]. Consequently, formulating evidence-based decisions becomes a formidable challenge. We plan to conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to summarize the currently available evidence on morbidity, mortality, and long-term survival in these extensive interventions.

Melina Neuhaus, Juliane Friedrichs, Maurizio Grilli, Jörg Ukkat, Johannes Klose, Ulrich Ronellenfitsch, Jörg Kleeff, Artur Rebelo

JMIR Res Protoc 2024;13:e54089