Perceived Impact of Outdoor Swimming on Health: Web-Based Survey

Heather Massey   ¹ , BSc, MSc, PhD ;   Paul Gorczynski   ² , PhD, CPsychol ;   C Mark Harper   ^{3, 4} , BSc, MBBS, PhD ;   Lisa Sansom   ^{5, 6} , BSc, MBBS, MRGP ;   Kieren McEwan   ² , MA, PGCE, PhD ;   Alla Yankouskaya   ⁷ , BSc, PhD ;   Hannah Denton   ⁸ , MSc, MRes, PGDip

¹ Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

² School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom

³ Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, United Kingdom

⁴ Department of Anaesthesia, Sørlandet Sykehus, Kristiansand, Norway

⁵ Public Health Department, East Sussex County Council, Lewes, United Kingdom

⁶ NHS Primary Care, Hastings, United Kingdom

⁷ Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom

⁸ West Recovery Team, Mill View Hospital, Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Hove, United Kingdom