Published on in Vol 13 (2024)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/57271, first published .

Mohammed M Alqahtani   1, 2, 3 , PhD ;   Abdullah M M Alanazi   1, 2, 3 , PhD ;   Saleh S Algarni   1, 2, 3 , PhD ;   Hassan Aljohani   1, 2, 3 , PhD ;   Faraj K Alenezi   2, 4 , PhD ;   Tareq F Alotaibi   1, 2, 3 , PhD ;   Mansour Alotaibi   5 , PhD ;   Mobarak K Alqahtani   1, 2, 3 , PhD ;   Mushabbab Alahmari   6, 7 , PhD ;   Khalid S Alwadeai   8 , PhD ;   Saeed M Alghamdi   9 , PhD ;   Mohammed A Almeshari   8 , PhD ;   Turki Faleh Alshammari   10 , PhD ;   Noora Mumenah   1, 2, 3 , MS ;   Ebtihal Al Harbi   1, 2, 3 , MS ;   Ziyad F Al Nufaiei   11, 12 , PhD ;   Eyas Alhuthail   2, 13 , PhD ;   Esam Alzahrani   14 , PhD ;   Husam Alahmadi   15 , PhD ;   Abdulaziz Alarifi   2, 13 , PhD ;   Amal Zaidan   2, 16 , PhD ;   Taha T Ismaeil   1, 2, 3 , PhD

1 Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

2 King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

3 Department of Respiratory Services, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

4 Anesthesia Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud Bin Abdul-Aziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

5 Department of Physical Therapy, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia

6 Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia

7 Health and Humanities Research Center, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia

8 Department of Rehabilitation Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

9 Clinical Technology Department, Respiratory Care Program, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia

10 Academic and Training Affairs, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

11 Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

12 King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

13 Basic Sciences Department, College of Sciences and Health Professions, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

14 Department of Computer Engineering, Al-Baha University, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia

15 Department of Respiratory Therapy, Faculty of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

16 Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

†deceased

Corresponding Author:

  • Mohammed M Alqahtani, PhD
  • Department of Respiratory Therapy
  • College of Applied Medical Sciences
  • King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences
  • MC-3129, PO Box 3660
  • Riyadh, 11481
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Phone: 966 501407856
  • Email: Qahtanimoh@ksau-hs.edu.sa