Published on in Vol 14 (2025)

Preprints (earlier versions) of this paper are available at https://preprints.jmir.org/preprint/59823, first published .
The Clinicians’ Guide to Large Language Models:  A General Perspective With a Focus on Hallucinations

The Clinicians’ Guide to Large Language Models: A General Perspective With a Focus on Hallucinations

The Clinicians’ Guide to Large Language Models: A General Perspective With a Focus on Hallucinations

Authors of this article:

Dimitri Roustan1 Author Orcid Image ;   François Bastardot2 Author Orcid Image

Journals

  1. Gün M, Aktaş Y. AI-Supported Documentation and Clinical Monitoring in Palliative Care: A Real-World Observational Study. American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® 2025 View
  2. Haider S, Prabha S, Gomez-Cabello C, Borna S, Genovese A, Trabilsy M, Collaco B, Wood N, Bagaria S, Tao C, Forte A. Synthetic Patient–Physician Conversations Simulated by Large Language Models: A Multi-Dimensional Evaluation. Sensors 2025;25(14):4305 View
  3. Yang H, Li M, Zhou H, Xiao Y, Fang Q, Zhou S, Zhang R. Large Language Model Synergy for Ensemble Learning in Medical Question Answering: Design and Evaluation Study. Journal of Medical Internet Research 2025;27:e70080 View
  4. Camlet A, Kusiak A, Ossowska A, Świetlik D. Advances in Periodontal Diagnostics: Application of MultiModal Language Models in Visual Interpretation of Panoramic Radiographs. Diagnostics 2025;15(15):1851 View
  5. Özer Aslan İ, Aslan M. Benchmarking AI Chatbots for Maternal Lactation Support: A Cross-Platform Evaluation of Quality, Readability, and Clinical Accuracy. Healthcare 2025;13(14):1756 View
  6. Đerić E, Frank D, Milković M. Trust in Generative AI Tools: A Comparative Study of Higher Education Students, Teachers, and Researchers. Information 2025;16(7):622 View
  7. Gün M. Can AI match emergency physicians in managing common emergency cases? A comparative performance evaluation. BMC Emergency Medicine 2025;25(1) View
  8. Chen J, Liang Y, Ge J. Artificial Intelligence Large Language Models in Cardiology. Reviews in Cardiovascular Medicine 2025;26(7) View
  9. Nam Y, Kim D, Kyung S, Seo J, Song J, Kwon J, Kim J, Jo W, Park H, Sung J, Park S, Kwon H, Kwon T, Kim K, Kim N. Multimodal Large Language Models in Medical Imaging: Current State and Future Directions. Korean Journal of Radiology 2025;26(10):900 View
  10. Greydanus D, Azeem M, Nazeer A. Schizophrenia and psychosis in children and adolescents: An inspiring journey of scientific progress and the rich influences of history and religion. Disease-a-Month 2025;71(10):101983 View
  11. Rice J, Ó’Briain E, Kilkenny C, Hogan R, McIntyre T, Kavanagh D, Neary P, O’Riordan J, Sahebally S. Assessing Artificial Intelligence as a Diagnostic Support Tool for Surgical Admissions in the Emergency Department. Journal of Surgical Education 2025;82(10):103676 View
  12. Petrovic M, Babic S, Dimitrijevic A, Lozuk B, Bojic M. AI in science - dusk or dawn?. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 2025;153(7-8):408 View
  13. De Silva A, Prabagar K. Artificial intelligence in gastroenterology: Enhancing clinical practice, managing challenges and exploring future directions. Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2025;6(2) View
  14. Parker T, Brush B. An Overview of Artificial Intelligence in Neurology. Seminars in Neurology 2025 View
  15. Wang S, Zhao F, Bu D, Lu Y, Gong M, Liu H, Yang Z, Zeng X, Yuan Z, Wan B, Sun J, Wu Y, Zhao L, Wan X, Huang W, Wang T, Xu M, Luo J, Liu J, Zheng J, Zhang W, Zhang K, Zhang H, Wang S, Chen R, Zhao Y. LINS: A general medical Q&A framework for enhancing the quality and credibility of LLM-generated responses. Nature Communications 2025;16(1) View
  16. Dymm B, Khalid A. Artificial Intelligence in Neurology and Stroke Education: Current Applications and Future Directions. Seminars in Neurology 2025 View
  17. Martin G, Létinier L. Artificial intelligence in personalized prescription: A narrative review of promise, peril, and practicality. Therapies 2025 View
  18. Erkal D, Tonkaz M, Bekci T, Tonkaz G. Comparative Evaluation of BI-RADS Classification, Clinical Management, and Diagnostic Performance in Breast Ultrasound Reports Using ChatGPT-4o and DeepSeek-V3. Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI 2025 View
  19. Roeschl T, Hoffmann M, Hashemi D, Rarreck F, Hinrichs N, Trippel T, Gröschel M, Unbehaun A, Klein C, Kempfert J, Dreger H, O'Brien B, Hindricks G, Balzer F, Falk V, Meyer A. Assessing the Limitations of Large Language Models in Clinical Practice Guideline–Concordant Treatment Decision-Making on Real-World Data: Retrospective Study. JMIRx Med 2025;6:e74899 View
  20. Ghosh S, Mittal G. Advancing engineering research through context-aware and knowledge graph–based retrieval-augmented generation. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence 2025;8 View